Key messages

• the review focuses on community-based interventions targeting older adults
• interventions are delivered in community settings and include social, health and preventive approaches
• evidence suggests benefits for physical functioning and wellbeing
• some studies indicate potential reductions in use of acute services
• interventions vary widely in design, intensity and outcomes measured
• social care integration is less frequently examined within the reviewed studies.

Policy implications

• community-based interventions may support neighbourhood health and care aims around prevention and ageing well
• neighbourhood models could integrate community programmes to help maintain function and independence
• stronger links between community interventions and social care services may enhance impact
• commissioners may need clearer evidence on which interventions deliver sustained benefits.

Gaps

• many studies are short term, limiting understanding of longer-term impact
• limited number of high-powered randomised controlled trials
• weaker evidence on effects on service use and system outcomes
• limited focus on how community interventions integrate with social care.

Commentary
This systematic review adds to evidence that community-based interventions can play a role in supporting health and wellbeing among older adults. Improvements in physical function and wellbeing align with neighbourhood health and care ambitions to promote independence and prevent deterioration.

From a neighbourhood perspective, community settings offer accessible and familiar environments that may encourage engagement among older people. Such interventions can complement formal health and social care by addressing needs earlier and closer to home.

However, the review also highlights limitations in the evidence base. Short study durations and a lack of high-powered trials make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about long-term outcomes or effects on acute service use. There is also limited attention to social care integration. Without clearer links to care pathways and support systems, community interventions risk operating in parallel rather than as part of coordinated neighbourhood health and care.

Overall, the review suggests that community-based interventions have potential value for older populations within neighbourhood health and care, but stronger, longer-term and more integrated evaluation is needed to inform policy and practice.