Key messages

• information and communication technologies have expanded significantly in UK social care over the past two decades
• technologies are often promoted as a way to reduce costs, support independent living and enable people to remain at home for longer
• common technologies used in social care include telecare systems, digital communication tools, monitoring sensors and online platforms for organising care labour
• digital technologies are also used for data collection, sharing and analysis across health and social care systems
• national governments often fund research and development of technologies, but implementation decisions are largely devolved to local authorities

Policy implications

• technology adoption in social care requires coordination between national policy development and local service implementation
• policymakers should consider technology as part of wider care systems rather than isolated devices or tools
• stronger governance and regulatory frameworks may be required to address issues such as data sharing, privacy and safety
• investment in digital infrastructure and connectivity is necessary to support technology-enabled care systems

Gaps

• many technology initiatives in social care have been implemented as small-scale pilots rather than integrated system-wide approaches
• rapid technological change makes rigorous evaluation difficult, as devices may be replaced before long-term studies are completed
• evidence on the effectiveness of emerging technologies beyond telecare remains limited
• there is limited understanding of how technology changes care labour arrangements and the experiences of care workers and unpaid carers

Commentary
This policy review provides historical context for how technology has developed within UK social care systems. Technologies such as telecare, monitoring devices and digital communication tools have been promoted as solutions to rising demand, workforce shortages and pressure on public finances. The report notes that many policies have framed technology as a means of enabling people to live independently at home for longer while potentially reducing service costs.

The analysis also shows that technology has been introduced within a broader transformation of the care system, including a shift towards community and home-based support and increasing reliance on digital infrastructure. However, implementation has often been fragmented, with central government supporting research and innovation while local authorities determine how technologies are adopted in practice.

From a social care equity perspective, the report highlights that technological change must be considered within the wider organisation of care systems. Access to reliable internet infrastructure, digital services and appropriate support can vary across regions and populations. If digital solutions are introduced without adequate infrastructure, evaluation and support, they may reinforce existing disparities in access to care.

Overall, the review argues that technology alone cannot resolve structural challenges in social care. Instead, effective use of digital tools requires a holistic approach that considers workforce roles, infrastructure, regulation and the broader organisation of care services.